Acidic solution:
Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): Increase the acidic oxygen functional groups of activated carbon for specific pollutant removal.
Nitric acid (HNO₃): Increase surface activity, often used to remove heavy metals.
Alkaline solution:
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH): Used to enhance the adsorption of acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride.
Metal salt solution:
Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂): Used for the adsorption or catalysis of specific organic compounds.
Silver nitrate (AgNO₃): Used to remove sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.
Ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) or ferric chloride (FeCl₃): Used for catalysis and removal of sulfides or arsenides.
Other chemicals:
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂): Generates activated carbon catalysts for advanced oxidation reactions.
Polymer or other organic compound solutions: Enhances adsorption capacity for specific organic pollutants.
By selecting the appropriate impregnation solution, impregnated activated carbon can be designed for specific applications such as gas purification, liquid treatment, wastewater treatment, and catalytic processes. Different impregnation substances give activated carbon different chemical properties, so choosing the right impregnation method and material is crucial to achieve the desired treatment effect.
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